Learning Objectives: Understand the association between stages of change and smoking cessation outcomes among youth
Abstract: Purpose/OBJECTIVES: Study objectives were to (1) examine the association between stage of change and smoking cessation outcomes with two treatments of varying intensity, and (2) explore the relationships among baseline stage of change and smoking-related individual difference variables.
METHODS: Participants received two treatment interventions: (1) a brief self-help smoking cessation intervention (BI) and (2) the 10-week multi-session Not on Tobacco (N-O-T) smoking cessation program. Smoking behavior, self-efficacy, and beliefs about smoking were assessed at baseline and three months post-baseline.
RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed that BI participants in the preparation stage were more likely to quit smoking at post-baseline compared to participants in the pre-contemplation stage (OR=25.5 p=.04). No such effects were observed for the N-O-T group. Subsequent, univariate comparisons between the two groups demonstrated that participants in the BI program were slightly older, had lower self-efficacy, and had less favorable beliefs about smoking compared, to N-O-T participants. Additionally, N-O-T participants demonstrated greater forward stage movement from baseline (Mean=2.29, SD=.81) to post-baseline (Mean=3.04, SD=1.21) than did BI participants (Baseline mean=2.07, SD=1.00; Post-baseline mean=2.20, SD=1.36).
Discussion: Results demonstrate that the relationship between stage of change and cessation outcomes varied by treatment intensity. The BI was only successful with participants in the preparation stage, whereas the N-O-T intervention was equally effective with smokers regardless of baseline stage of change. Additionally, N-O-T participants showed more forward stage movement than did their BI counterparts.
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