Learning Objectives: Describe the attitudes, beliefs, and lack of self-efficacy about smoking among a representative sample of pregnant females whose maternity care is supported by Medicaid. Identify the prevalence rate of pregnant smokers whose maternity care is supported by Medicaid.
Abstract: Background: Decades of research have identified coping with stress, loneliness, powerlessness, low self-efficacy, living with or associating with a smoker, and addiction as sociopsychological factors associated with smoking and cessation among disadvantaged pregnant women.
Purpose: This paper examines the attitudes, beliefs, and lack of self-efficacy toward smoking cessation among a representative sample of pregnant Alabama females whose maternity care is supported by Medicaid.
Methods: Survey participants (n=381) were recruited from 12 public health clinics in eight Alabama counties. Saliva and CO samples were taken to corroborate smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to define the population.
Results: Of 381 participants, 270 (68.5%) were nonsmokers and 102 (31.5%) were smokers. On a scale of 1-10 (10=very harmful), 75.6% nonsmokers and 65.7% smokers reported that smoking was very harmful. The majority of smokers (81.4%) and nonsmokers (85.7%) perceived smoking cigarettes around children as harmful to their health, while 75.5% of smokers and 90% of nonsmokers perceived smoking during pregnancy as harmful to the health of unborn babies. Although 22.6% of the smokers reported they wanted to stop smoking at this time, only 3.9% were sure they could quit smoking for 24 hours and 16% actually planned to stop completely within the next 30 days.
Conclusion: Although they are aware of the risks, many women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Data suggest a need to increase behavior modification skills (self-efficacy skill building) and implement best practice methods in smoking cessation for this population.
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