Problem/Objective: Despite the known risks and available interventions, a substantial number of women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Research has identified many maternal characteristics associated with failure to stop smoking during pregnancy. The goal of the study was to examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and smoking cessation. Methods: Pregnant smokers were recruited from a family practice center where they received prenatal care and completed third trimester interviews that included measures of smoking and IPV. Medical charts were also reviewed. Results: Data were available for 107 women. Participants were predominantly Caucasian (99%), unmarried (61%), and lower SES. Only 39% of participants successfully quit smoking, however, 43% reduced smoking by at least ¼ pack/day. More than 70% reported some type of IPV from their partner during pregnancy. Pregnancy smoking cessation and IPV were significantly related. Women who continued to smoke, compared with those who quit, were more than twice as likely to have been sexually abused (22% vs 10%) and more than five times as likely to have been injured from physical abuse (11% vs 2%). Further, with respect to level of IPV, those continuing to smoke reported significantly more physical, sexual, and injury victimization than those who quit (p's<.05). Relationships persisted after control for potentially confounding factors. Conclusions: The experience of IPV substantially increases the risk of continued pregnancy smoking. Smoking cessation efforts with pregnant women should recognize and address the potential roles of IPV and other life stressors in cessation efforts and success.