Problem/Objective: Smoking rates for the general population in the United States have declined over the past 20 years, yet have increased for women( USDHHS, 2004). Additionally, there is evidence that women have less success quitting and remaining abstinent for longer periods of time than do men (Fiore, et al., 1989).

Methods: The paper reviewed the literature on interventions that effectively help women quit smoking. Evidence-based quantitative studies were reviewed as well as available qualitative studies.

Results: Methods that appear most promising in helping women quit are telephone quit lines, proactive recruitment techniques, antidepressant medication, either alone or in combination with nicotine replacement, and comprehensive cessation programs. Research methodological limitations will be addressed.

Conclusions: Despite observed research methodological problems, suggestions for improvement will be offered. Future studies need to give greater attention to relapse prevention efforts and the social and contextual conditions that may reinforce smoking behavior.